Using digital devices has made work and study more convenient, from taking notes in meetings and classes to recording lessons. Laptops, tablets and smartphones are now common tools in schools and offices.
But scientists at the University of Tokyo say traditional handwriting remains more effective for memory and recall.
Research led by neuroscientist Prof. Kuniyoshi L. Sakai found that brain activity linked to memory is stronger when information is written on paper rather than typed on digital devices. The findings were based on an experiment involving 48 volunteers.
Participants who used paper and a ballpen completed tasks about 25% faster than those using gadgets. MRI scans also showed increased activity in the hippocampus among those who wrote by hand. The hippocampus is the part of the brain associated with memory and navigation.
Experts said paper provides spatial details such as texture, size and even folds, along with irregular pen strokes. These physical cues help the brain store and recall information more easily.
In contrast, digital screens were found to be uniform. Scrolling or closing apps can remove spatial permanence, making it harder for the brain to retain information.
Researchers suggested using notebooks for studying or creative work, including writing and art, to improve memory and learning outcomes.
